AB+-+Ellis+&+Levy+(2011)


 * **Reference: ** || Ellis, T. J., & Levy, Y. (2011). Framework of problem-based research: A guide for novice researchers on the development of a research-worthy problem. //Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 11//(1), 17-33. Retrieved from http://inform.nu/Articles/Vol11/ISJv11p017-033Ellis486.pdf ||
 * **Author's: ** || Ellis, T. J., & Levy, Y. ||
 * **Title:** || Framework of problem-based research: A guide for novice researchers on the development of a research-worthy problem. ||
 * **Year:** || 2011 ||
 * **Journal: ** || Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline ||
 * **Retrieval Information**: || http://inform.nu/Articles/Vol11/ISJv11p017-033Ellis486.pdf ||
 * **Bibliography**: ||  ||
 * The authors address the “ issue of identifying and establishing the research-worthiness of a [research] problem ” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 17 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">), by addressing five aspects, (a) the need “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">for basing research on a well-defined problem <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">;” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 17 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) (b) what constitutes a research worthy problem; (c) demonstrating effective problem statements; (d) how to locate problems that are research worthy; and (e) a “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">summary and recommendations <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 17 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). The authors demonstrate through the literature that the problem statement is “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">a cornerstone for any quality research <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 19 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) and “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">serves as the starting point for the research and is a unifying thread that runs throughout all the elements of the research endeavor <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 19 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). The authors point out that while the research problem is the starting point, it is the literature review that serves as the foundation for the research. Regarding research problems the authors suggested three qualifications which are (a) the problem is active, “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">the current state differs from the ideal state <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 22 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">); (b) the problem is impactful, it must be identifiable; and (c) the current solutions are inadequate or nonexistent. To be considered research the authors identify six means of “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">creating identifiable new knowledge <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 23 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). Worthiness is built on “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">an exhaustive understanding of the body of knowledge related to the field or topic of study <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 24 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) and encompasses an expansion on or filling of current knowledge in the field. The authors define the problem statement as “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">the statement of the problem and the argumentation for its viability <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 27 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) and offer a template that while simple “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">is far from effortless <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 27 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) to write. The template “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">provides an overview of how the six questions of what, how, where, when, why, and who, should be addressed <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 27 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). The authors propose that novices can locate research worthy problems by using four steps; look, read, synthesize, and consult. The problem statement template is not prescriptive and does not allow a paint-by-number context, but it does propose a means of succinctly identifying the questions that need to be answered and the support that is needed for the various parts of a problem statement. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">Additional References: ** ||  ||
 * N/A ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Retrieval Information**: || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">http://inform.nu/Articles/Vol11/ISJv11p017-033Ellis486.pdf ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Bibliography**: ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The authors address the “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">issue of identifying and establishing the research-worthiness of a [research] problem <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 17 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">), by addressing five aspects, (a) the need “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">for basing research on a well-defined problem <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">;” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 17 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) (b) what constitutes a research worthy problem; (c) demonstrating effective problem statements; (d) how to locate problems that are research worthy; and (e) a “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">summary and recommendations <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 17 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). The authors demonstrate through the literature that the problem statement is “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">a cornerstone for any quality research <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 19 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) and “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">serves as the starting point for the research and is a unifying thread that runs throughout all the elements of the research endeavor <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 19 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). The authors point out that while the research problem is the starting point, it is the literature review that serves as the foundation for the research. Regarding research problems the authors suggested three qualifications which are (a) the problem is active, “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">the current state differs from the ideal state <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 22 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">); (b) the problem is impactful, it must be identifiable; and (c) the current solutions are inadequate or nonexistent. To be considered research the authors identify six means of “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">creating identifiable new knowledge <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 23 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). Worthiness is built on “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">an exhaustive understanding of the body of knowledge related to the field or topic of study <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 24 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) and encompasses an expansion on or filling of current knowledge in the field. The authors define the problem statement as “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">the statement of the problem and the argumentation for its viability <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 27 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) and offer a template that while simple “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">is far from effortless <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 27 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) to write. The template “ <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">provides an overview of how the six questions of what, how, where, when, why, and who, should be addressed <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">” ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">p. 27 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">). The authors propose that novices can locate research worthy problems by using four steps; look, read, synthesize, and consult. The problem statement template is not prescriptive and does not allow a paint-by-number context, but it does propose a means of succinctly identifying the questions that need to be answered and the support that is needed for the various parts of a problem statement. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">Additional References: ** ||  ||
 * N/A ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">Additional References: ** ||  ||
 * N/A ||